<h1>Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project (Turkmenistan)</h1>
<p>The Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project is an onshore conventional oil and gas project in Turkmenistan operated by Turkmengas State Concern. The project is classified as operating and is located near Ýolöten in Mary Province in eastern Turkmenistan. Galkynysh,also known historically as South Yoloten,South Ýolöten-Osman and Lolotan,is one of the world’s largest natural gas developments and is central to Turkmenistan’s gas production and export strategy. Production began in 2013.</p>
<h2>Quick Facts</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr><th>Item</th><th>Detail</th></tr>
<tr><td>Project Name</td><td>Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project</td></tr>
<tr><td>Country</td><td>Turkmenistan</td></tr>
<tr><td>Subnational Unit</td><td>Mary Province</td></tr>
<tr><td>Fuel Type</td><td>Oil and gas</td></tr>
<tr><td>Production Type</td><td>Conventional</td></tr>
<tr><td>Status</td><td>Operating</td></tr>
<tr><td>Operator</td><td>Turkmengas State Concern</td></tr>
<tr><td>Owner</td><td>Galkynyshnebit 100%</td></tr>
<tr><td>Discovery Year</td><td>2006</td></tr>
<tr><td>Production Start Year</td><td>2013</td></tr>
<tr><td>Onshore/Offshore</td><td>Onshore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Basin</td><td>Amu Darya Basin</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Project Overview</h2>
<p>The Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project is a supergiant onshore gas and condensate development operated by Turkmengas State Concern. It is associated with the former South Yoloten,South Ýolöten-Osman and Lolotan naming history and sits near Ýolöten in Mary Province,about 400 km southeast of Ashgabat. The project is classified as conventional. Galkynysh is one of the world’s largest gas fields,with GaffneyCline reserve assessments for the Galkynysh area and neighboring structures frequently cited. Production began in September 2013 with the first major development phase reaching around 30 billion cubic metres per year of production and processing capacity. The project includes production wells,gas treatment plants,gas purification,dehydration,condensate stabilization and sulfur handling facilities.</p>
<h2>Location and Basin</h2>
<p>The Galkynysh project is onshore in eastern Turkmenistan,near Ýolöten in Mary Province. Coordinates are 37.1162000,62.3585000. The field lies in the desert region,away from coastal export facilities and dependent on long-distance gas transportation infrastructure. Geologically,it is in the Amu Darya Basin,a major gas-prone province with Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs. Global Energy Monitor identifies Bagli Field and Yashlar Gas Field as units within the wider Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project.</p>
<h2>Ownership and Operatorship</h2>
<p>Galkynysh is operated by Turkmengas State Concern. Galkynyshnebit is the 100% owner. The project is state-controlled. International companies such as CNPC,Petrofac,and Hyundai Engineering have played major roles in engineering,procurement,construction,and financing,but as contractors or development participants rather than equity partners. CNPC signed gas sale and purchase and EPC agreements in 2013,and in 2026 Reuters reported that CNPC would build Phase 4 facilities.</p>
<h2>Development History</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr><th>Milestone</th><th>Year</th><th>Details</th></tr>
<tr><td>Discovery milestone</td><td>2006</td><td>The field was discovered and originally known as South Yoloten or South Ýolöten-Osman.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Development milestone</td><td>2013</td><td>Phase 1 development was completed and commercial operation began in September 2013.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Production milestone</td><td>2013</td><td>Production started,making Galkynysh an operating gas and condensate development.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Recent status milestone</td><td>2026</td><td>Turkmengas and CNPC signed an agreement for Phase 4 development,including new wells and additional gas treatment capacity.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Galkynysh was discovered in 2006. Major development contracts were awarded in the late 2000s. The initial development was brought into operation in 2013. The project has continued through phased expansion. Reuters reported in April 2026 that Turkmengas and CNPC signed a deal for Phase 4,with CNPC to construct facilities for an additional 10 billion cubic metres of commercial gas per year and drill new production wells.</p>
<h2>Infrastructure and Facilities</h2>
<p>The first phase involved multiple wells and gas treatment plants with a combined annual commercial gas capacity of about 30 billion cubic metres. Facilities include units for primary treatment,gas purification and dehydration,condensate stabilization,and sulfur granulation and packing. Petrofac’s scope included engineering,procurement,construction and commissioning. Export infrastructure is tied to the Central Asia-China gas pipeline network. No FPSOs,offshore platforms,subsea systems or LNG trains are part of the project.</p>
<h2>Production and Reserves</h2>
<p>Galkynysh is one of the world’s largest gas resources. Estimates of approximately 27.4 trillion cubic metres of gas for Galkynysh together with neighboring structures such as Yashlar and Garakol are commonly cited. The U.S. Energy Information Administration describes Galkynysh as the world’s second-largest gas field. Production began in 2013,with the first phase having around 30 billion cubic metres per year of capacity. Reuters reported in 2026 that the field produces much of Turkmenistan’s roughly 30 billion cubic metres per year of gas exports to China. The 2026 Phase 4 agreement is intended to add another 10 billion cubic metres per year of marketable gas processing capacity. The project is primarily a gas and gas-condensate development; oil production data is limited.</p>
<h2>Recent Developments</h2>
<p>In April 2026,Turkmengas and CNPC signed a deal for Phase 4 of the Galkynysh gas field. CNPC is to build a facility for processing an additional 10 billion cubic metres of commercial gas per year and drill new production wells. The project is to be financed by Turkmenistan and serve both domestic and export markets. In 2025,Turkmenistan invited international investment into further phases of Galkynysh development.</p>
<h2>Sources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.gem.wiki/Galkynysh_Oil_and_Gas_Project_%28Turkmenistan%29" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Global Energy Monitor: Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project (Turkmenistan)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gem.wiki/Yashlar_Gas_Field_%28Turkmenistan%29" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Global Energy Monitor: Yashlar Gas Field (Turkmenistan)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/china-turkmenistan-sign-deal-build-phase-four-galkynysh-gas-field-2026-04-16/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Reuters: China and Turkmenistan Sign Deal to Build Phase Four of Galkynysh Gas Field</a></li>
<li><a href="https://oilgas.gov.tm/en/posts/news/16565/the-president-authorized-sc-turkmengas-to-sign-a-contract-for-the-development-of-phase-4-of-the-galkynysh-gas-field" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Turkmenistan Oil and Gas: President Authorized Turkmengas to Sign Phase 4 Contract</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/FlowofnaturalgasfromCentralAsia/FlowofnaturalgasfromCentralAsia2.shtml" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">CNPC: Flow of Natural Gas from Central Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/galkynysh-gas-field-turkmenistan/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Offshore Technology: Galkynysh Gas Field,Turkmenistan</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.petrofac.com/services/our-work/epcc-galkynysh-gas-field-turkmenistan-sc-turkmengas/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Petrofac: Galkynysh Gas Field EPC Project</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/tkm" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">U.S. Energy Information Administration: Turkmenistan Country Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2201/H/pdf/B2201H_508.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">USGS: Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Amu-Darya Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Central-Asian-Gas-NG-155.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Oxford Institute for Energy Studies: Central Asian Gas</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Related Topics</h2>
<ul>
<li>Turkmenistan natural gas production</li>
<li>Turkmengas State Concern</li>
<li>Galkynysh gas field development phases</li>
<li>South Yoloten and South Ýolöten-Osman field history</li>
<li>Amu Darya Basin petroleum systems</li>
<li>Central Asia-China gas pipeline exports</li>
<li>Gas treatment and sulfur handling facilities</li>
<li>CNPC upstream and EPC activity in Turkmenistan</li>
<li>Turkmenistan export diversification and TAPI pipeline</li>
<li>Supergiant gas field development strategy</li>
</ul>

IEPTC reference profile for Galkynysh Oil and Gas in Turkmenistan,covering asset type,location,development status,and upstream industry context.

Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project (Turkmenistan)

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Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project (Turkmenistan)

Galkynysh Oil and Gas Project (Turkmenistan)

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